Graphene is a one-carbon atom thick sheet with a hexagonal lattice. The chemical structure of graphene is dependent on its processing and synthesis methods. Indeed, graphene obtained via mechanical exfoliation of graphite may yield defect-free single layer sheets, whereas chemically produced graphene results in defective graphene that is highly functionalized with different chemical groups. In the first part of my talk, I will review the major techniques employed for the production of graphene sheets in laboratory and industrial scales. Then, I will discuss their resulting physical and chemical characteristics. In the second part of my talk, I will review and discuss the broad applications of graphene and the most recent achievements.